International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience (IJPAB)
Year : 2018, Volume : 6, Issue : 1
First page : (442) Last page : (451)
Article doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5192
Genetic and Molecular Basis of Petal Pigmentation in Floriculture Crops: A Review
Sunita Dhakar1* and Anjali Soni2
1Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR- IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
2Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: sunita.dhakar214@gmail.com
Received: 11.07.2017 | Revised: 19.08.2017 | Accepted: 26.08.2017
ABSTRACT
Flower colours are of paramount importance in the ecology of plants and their ability to attract pollinators and seed dispersing organisms. The primary pigments occurring in plants are chlorophylls and carotenoids accumulated in plastids, anthocyanins and betalains, which are dissolved in vacuolar sap. Flavonoids and carotenoids are widely distributed in plant pigments. Among the factors influencing flower colour, anthocyanin biosynthesis has been the most extensively studied. Each plant species usually accumulates limited kinds of anthocyanins and exhibits limited flower colour. For example, roses and carnations lack violet/blue colour because they do not accumulate delphinidin-based anthocyanins and petunia and cymbidium lack brick red/orange colour due to the lack of pelargonidin-based anthocyanins. Different approaches are used for development of novel flower colour in floricultural crops like hybridization, mutation and genetic engineering. Advances in molecular biology and plant transformation technology have made possible the engineering of an anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway by the overexpression of heterologous flavonoid biosynthetic genes or the down-regulation of endogenous genes in transgenic plants. Transgenic carnations and a transgenic rose that accumulate delphinidin as a result of expressing a flavonoid 3’, 5’-hydroxylase gene and have novel blue hued flowers have been commercialized.
Key words: Carotenoids, Flavonoids, Flower colour, Hybridization, Mutation, Genetic engineering
Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782
Cite this article: Dhakar, S. and Anjali Soni, A., Genetic and Molecular Basis of Petal Pigmentation in Floriculture Crops: A Review, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci.6(1): 442-451 (2018). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5192
