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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), the family Asteraceae and the genus Helianthus, the last few years,
production of sunflower has increased many fold due to the expansion of its cultivation in several parts of
the world, it is the most important oilseed crop, where salinity is an increasing problem. Sunflower is
moderately sensitivity. The physiological results showed that the effect of sodium chloride was significant
and highly significant decreased gradually for all varieties and all treatments, in shoots lengths where
the highest proportion registered in Sakha 53 which decreased 22.87 cm from the control to 250 mM,
and leaves area where the lack reached a peak in Gisa 102 with 28.25 cm2 from control to 250 mM.
Concerning the biochemical effect, the proline contents in leaves were significant and highly significant
increased gradually with application of the salt, recorded the highest value in Giza 102 variety with
0.533 mg/g/F weight at 250 mM, A total of seven ISSR primers (UBC-10, UBC-12, UBC-13, UBC-25,
UBC-34, UBC-35 and UBC-40) were tested on Sakha 53, Giza 102, Abendsoone and Teddy bear, and
showed (62.5%) of polymorphism for untreated varieties, while primer (UBC-40) given (80%), for
untreated with treated varieties with different concentrations of sodium chloride (100 mM, 200 mM and
250 mM) diminished (54.05%). Cluster analysis showed higher similarity matrix between the Egyptian
varieties Sakha 53 and Giza 102 (84.9%), similar between Abendsoone and Teddy bear (75.6%). The
effect of salt were significant with appearance of bands in treated varieties not founded in the control and
disappearance of bands from all treated varieties approximately.
Key words: Sunflower, Salinity, sodium chloride, ISSR , varieties.