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Wastewater can be defined as the flow of used water discharged from homes, businesses, industries,
commercial activities and institutions which are directed to treatment plants by a carefully designed and
engineered network of pipes. This wastewater is further categorized and defined according to its sources
of origin. Typically 200 to 500 liters of wastewater are generated for every person connected to the
system each day. The amount of flow handled by a treatment plant varies with the time of day and with
the season of the year.
The processes reviewed here include both those that remove pollutant contaminants in wastewater and
those that destroy them. Using a wastewater treatment technology that removes, rather than destroys, a
pollutant will produce a treatment residual. At wastewater treatment plant, this flow is treated before it is
allowed to be returned to the environment, lakes, or streams. There are no holidays for wastewater
treatment, and most plants operate 24 hours per day every day of the week. Wastewater treatment plants
operate at a critical point of the water cycle, helping nature defend water from excessive pollution. Most
treatment plants have primary treatment (physical removal of floatable and settleable solids) and
secondary treatment (the biological removal of dissolved solids).
A short description about the primary treatment which includes screening, grit chambers and
sedimentation tank whereas secondary treatment involves activated sludge, trickling filters etc. and also
to measure of carbon removal in the wastewater treatment processes can be done by TOC, BOD, and
COD is also discussed here.
Keyword: Wastewater, primary treatment, secondary treatment, BOD, COD, etc.