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The quality of wastewater effluents is responsible for the degradation of receiving water bodies, such as
lakes, rivers, streams. The two main processes for the removal of impurities from wastewater influents
are chemical and biological treatment but due to some drawbacks of the chemical treatment, biological
treatment is now employed. Microorganisms are of major importance in industrial wastewater treatment,
agricultural and aquaculture. They reside in the sediment and other substrates, and in the water of
aquaculture facilities. Microorganisms may have positive or negative effects on the outcome of
aquaculture operations. Positive microbial activities include elimination of toxic materials such as
ammonia, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide, degradation of uneaten feed, and nutrition of aquatic animals
such as shrimp, fishes. These and other functions make microorganisms the key players in the health and
sustainability of aquaculture. The role of the different microbial groups present in the waste water
treatment systems with particular importance of bacteria and protozoa in the removal process of nitrogen
and phosphorus indicate that the biological treatment system is very effective in the wastewater treatment
systems.
Keywords: Wastewater Treatment Systems, Microorganisms, protozoa, bacteriophages.