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Gentamicin is an antibiotic that exhibits a broad spectrum of (Gram –ve) activity and is particularly valuable in several sepsis in animals and humans. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity has been recognized as a major complication of aminoglycoside antibiotics for many years. Gentamicin causes reversible renal impairment. The incidence of renal failure is 10-15 % (Naidu et al., 2000) and 10-20 % (Silan et al., 2007) of therapeutic courses. The present study aims at studying the nephrotoxic effect of gentamicin at one high dose (40 mg/kg). The 12 Wistar Albino rats were divided into 2 equal groups (Control and Gentamicin group). Plasma creatinine and BUN concentration was significantly increased as a result of nephrotoxicity. The clinical signs such as dullness, inappetance, increased water intake and increased urination was also observed. Proximal tubular necrosis, vacuolation, desquamation and degeneration in epithelial cells of the proximal tubules, hyaline casts in tubular lumen, mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerular and basement membrane alterations were histopathologically detected in kidney in gentamicin group. In conclusion, gentamicin has adverse effect in kidney.

Keywords: Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicity.