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The major Schistosome species of veterinary importance include Schistosoma spindale, S. nasalis, S. indicum are major causes in Asia (Bont 1995,& Srivastava, 1972)while S. bovisis the commonest species infecting livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, equines, and dromedaries) wild ruminants, and rodents in Africa and Mediterranean Europe (Shibru  et al., 1989, & Engles et al., 2002) other includes S. mattheei, S. intercalatum, S. hippopotami and S. rohhaini (Bont 1995, & De Bent et al., 1997, & Srivastava , 1972). Additionally, in India prevalence of Orientobilharzia turkestanicum in Srinagar confirmed by Dutt et al. 1964, while O. harinasutai in buffaloes had been suspected (Srivastava, 1972).  Trematode parasites are found in immense water lodged and swampy grazing fields (Fromsa et al., 2011). The fresh water snails, serve as intermediate hosts of bovine schistosomes. Nasal schistosomosis or snoring disease caused by Schistosomanasale, trematode infection widely distributed & adversely affects the health and production of domestic livestock in various parts of India and Indian subcontinent (Latchumikanthan et al., 2014, Agrawal & Southgate 2000, Ramchandra Rao & Indra Devi 1971, Agrawal & Alwar 1992, & Basu & Bhattacharya, 2018). Snoring disease associated with rhinitis, cauliflower-like growths on the nasal mucosa, causing partial obstruction of the nasal cavity and snoring sounds when breathing. Hemorrhagic and/or mucopurulent nasal discharge is a common feature. Large granulomatous growth causes dyspnoea. The present case study reports diagnosis & treatment of nasal schistosomosis affected HF cross bred bull. 
Case History& Observations:
A six year old HF cross breeding bull weighing 635 kg maintained at BAIF bull station at Urulikanchan, Pune, Maharashtra was presented with history of sneezing with profuse unilateral right side mucopurulent nasal discharge and rhinorrhoea, since four days animal with difficulties in breathing during the month of August 2019.
Clinical examination of nasal mucosa revealed congestion of the nasal mucus membrane, rhinitis, sneezing, and restlessness with mucopurulent discharges with cauliflower-like unilateral growth in right side nostril obstructing the air passage accompanied by a snoring sound during respiration. Snoring was pronounced at late evening and early morning. Body temperature was not elevated in affected animal even though reduced water intake. Feed intake was normal. Redness of granuloma due to animal often rubbing its nares against the ground & wall.

TREATMENT AND DISCUSSION

Inj. Anthomaline (Lithium Antimony Thiomalate 60 mg/ml, Novartis India Ltd.) @ 20 ml i/m was administered consecutive three times on weekly intervals. Simultaneously the growth was irrisated with potassium permanganate (1:1000) solution, and anti-inflammatory inj. Megludyne @ 2mg/kg body weight was given to reduce inflammation.
On the basis clinical investigation cauliflower like growth with snoring sound especially during during late evening and early morning with rhinitis and mucopurulent nasal discharge are clear indication of nasal schistosomosis. 
With first dose of Anthomaline the animal responded well. There was reduction in the size of nasal granuloma with the second dose after a week there was significant regression of granulomatous growth followed by reduction in snoring. Animal was breathing normally. After the administration of third dose there was complete recovery and the snoring was completely eliminated. 
The several reports of prevalence and intensity of Nasal schistosomosis in cattle and buffalo in different part of areas of India and Indian subcontinent had been documented. The overall prevalence of S. nasale was highest during rainy season fallowed by winter and least during summer season (Basu et al., 2018). This might be because damp moist climatic condition which are more favorable for the growth of intermediate host (snail).

SUMMARY

The present study has indicated that use of the drug of choice Inj. Anthomaline at 30 ml intramuscularly consecutively for three weeks was very effective against nasal schistosoma and progressive relief from the clinical sings with regression of the growth and general improvement of the bull was noticed.

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