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Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences (IJPAB)
Year : 2021, Volume : 9, Issue : 1
First page : (411) Last page : (415)
Article doi: : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8519

Genetic Gain in Productive Traits and Nonproductive Traits through Selection Indices in HF×Gir Halfbreds

Dipali Sarwade^1*, D. K. Deokar² and S. D. Mandakmale³
Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science,
Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: dipalisarwade26@gmail.com
Received: 23.11.2020 | Revised: 29.12.2020 | Accepted: 7.01.2021

ABSTRACT

The present investigation entitled, “Genetic gain in productive and non productive traits through selection indices in HF xGir halfbreds” undertaken to asses the magnitude of different factors along with generations affecting the reproductive and productive traits. The data pertaining to HF x Gir halfbreds maintained from year 1972 to 2016 at RCDP on cattle, M.P.K.V., Rahuri were used for present investigation.
In HF x Gir halfbred cows the heritability of AFC, SP, PMY, LMY, LL, DP< CI, MY/CI, MY/LL was 0.521 ± 0.517, 0.132 ± 0.104, 0.432 ± 0.433, 0.259 ± 0.227, 0.330 ± 0.031, 0.430 ± 0.430, 0.087 ± 0.066, 0.077 ± 0.060 and 0.056 ± 0.061, respectively.
Out of 28 selection indices constructed for HF x Gir halfbreds, index I24to I28 from four traits combination were found to be relatively efficient indices and rated as the most useful indices for their high reliability and expected genetic gain.

Keywords: Economics, Animals, Genetic, Halfbreds

Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782

Cite this article: Sarwade, D., Deokar, D. K., & Mandakmale, S. D. (2021). Genetic Gain in Productive Traits and Nonproductive Traits through Selection Indices in HF×Gir Halfbreds, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 9(1), 411-415. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8519

INTRODUCTION

The economics of dairy industry is based on productivity of animals which is governed by several productive traits. The dairy animals are kept for milk production and their selection is done for their breeding value (genetic worth). The aim of the present day livestock breeder is to raise the animals on commercial line based on the principle of maximum gain from minimum input. It means that the animals which will bring maximum economic returns are kept while the rest unwanted low profitable stock culled at an earliest to reduce pressure on space and resources and also to increase efficiency of management. For proper selection and culling, a kind of yard stick is needed to discriminate the animals likely to bring maximum economic returns from those less profitable. To develop this kind of discriminating yard stick, all economically important traits are taken into account and combined according to their relative economic weights into a net economic score for each animal.

The relative weight of a trait depends upon its heritability, relative economic value and association with other traits. The animals which rank best on this scale are retained and other culled for maximum returns from a livestock enterprises.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The data of HF x Gir halfbreds maintained at Research Cum Development Project on Cattle, M.P.K.V., Rahuri for a period of 44 years (1972 to 2016). The data were classified according to genetic groups, period of birth/ calving and season of birth/calving. The data collected according to period of birth classified into 6 groups as P1(1972-1978), P2(1979-1985), P3(1986-1992), P4(1993-1999), P5(2000-2006), P6(2006 and above). Period of calving P1(1974-1980), P2(1981-1987, P3(1988-1994), P4(1995-2001), P5(2002-2008), P6(2008 and above) Viz., 5 order of lactation viz. L1 lactation order 1, L2 lactation order 2, L3 lactation order 3, L4 lactation order 4, lactation order 5; Season of birth coded as Rainy (June – September) coded S1, Winter (October – January) S2, Summer (February – May) S3 Peak milk yield group (kg) as Y1<12.00kg, Y212-14kg, Y3>14kg.

Model – I
The least squares means of age at first calving estimated by considering period of birth and season of birth effects.
The following model used for estimation,
Yijk = µ ± Pi ± Sj ± eijk
Model – II
The least squares means of service period, calving interval, lactation milk yield, lactation length, dry period, milk yield per day of calving interval and milk yield per day of lactation length were estimated by considering period of calving, season of calving, lactation order and peak milk yield effects.
The following model used for estimation,
Yijklm = µ ± Ai ± Bj ± Ck ± Dl ± eijklm
Model – III
Least squares analysis of some reproduction and production traits as affected by generation carried out by using following statistical model.
Yij = µ ± Gi ± eij
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test

Construction of selection indices
Selection indices constructed by using different traits in different combinations according to Cunningham (1969).
Model for estimation of relative efficiency of index

The relative efficiency of the index Ii was computed as per Hogsett and Nordskog (1958).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

An index method is more efficient for selection of an animal than tandem method or independent culling method, because it results in more genetic improvement for the time and efforts put in it’s use. The rate of genetic gain besides other factors depend upon the selection intensity.
Selection indices were constructed by incorporating age at first calving (AFC), service period (SP), calving interval (CI), lactation length (LL), dry period (DP), lactation milk yield (LMY) and milk yield per day of calving interval (MY/CI) and milk yield per day of lactation length (MY/LL). Total 150 selection indices were constructed in all possible combinations of four traits. However, out of them only 28 have given precise estimates and are presented in Table 1.
Partial regression coefficient of different traits (b values) and measure of the accuracy (rIH value) of different indices have been presented in Table 1 The partial regression coefficients of different traits (b values) in an index are a function of their relative economic values, heritability and correlations with other traits.
Efficiency of selection indices
The chief measure of utility of an index is it’s correlation with aggregate breeding value, rIH. The genetic response to selection is proportional to this correlation. Out of 28 selection indices constructed for HF x Gir halfbreds, index I24 to I28 four traits combination were found to be relatively efficient indices and rated as most useful indices for high reliability and expected genetic gain.
On incorporating the relative measures of accuracy out of all the indices for HF x Gir halfbreds, index I24 [(-9.907) (CI) + (-0.5409) (LL) + (-15.287) (DP) + (89.66) (PMY)] was observed to be the most accurate (rIH = 0.89).
The index I24 with four traits combination [(-9.907) (CI) + (-0.5409) (LL) + (-15.287) (DP) + (89.66) (PMY)] was found to be the most useful index. Using this index the response in each trait per generation was expected to be -1.76 days in calving interval (CI), 70.29 days in lactation length (LL), -84.4 days in dry period and 0.049 kg in peak milk yield (PMY).
The index I24 with four traits combination [(-9.907) (CI) + (-0.5409) (LL) + (-15.287) (DP) + (89.66) (PMY)] was found to be the most useful index. Using this index the response in each trait per generation was expected to be -1.76 days in calving interval (CI), 70.29 days in lactation length (LL), -84.4 days in dry period and 0.049 kg in peak milk yield (PMY).

Out of 28 selection indices constructed for HF x Gir halfbreds, index I24to I28 from four traits combination were found to be relatively efficient indices and rated as the most useful indices for their high reliability and expected genetic gain.

Table 1: Selection indices for HF x Gir halfbreds (four traits combination)

Index	Particulars	Traits
Index	Particulars	AFC	CI	SP	LMY
I1	B Value	-0.422	0.01319	0.1959	1.071	rIH=0.6892 ∆ H=193.59
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	-12.35	1
	D gi	-168.63	-19.27	55.018	-7.2938
		AFC	PMY	MY/LL	MY/CI
I2	B Value	-3.0304	-8.9906	5.6594	-0.9930	rIH=0.5284 ∆H=539.63
	R.E.V.	-10.88	1	-12.35	-15.52
	D gi	-296.8	-0.445	-0.375	-0.013
		AFC	CI	SP	DP
I3	B Value	-3.5998	1.260	-0.075	-1.545	rIH=0.5808 ∆ H=664.96
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	-12.35	-12.02
	D gi	-294.99	-1.921	-3.326	-0.436
		AFC	CI	SP	PMY
I4	B Value	-3.4088	0.410	-0.2465	-2.034	rIH = 0.5778 ∆H = 609.68
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	-12.35	-11.05
	D gi	-294.99	-1.921	-3.326	-0.436
		AFC	SP	LMY	MY/LL
I5	B Value	-3.1609	-0.6345	0.08289	-22.014	rIH = 0.5229 ∆H = 569.77
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-12.35	12.00	10.38
	D gi	-295.21	-3.3135	-9.5747	-0.0354
		AFC	SP	LL	MY/LL
I6	B Value	-3.1825	-0.6086	0.59789	3.4898	rIH = 0.5172 ∆H = 572.48
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-12.35	14.49	10.98
	D gi	-295.61	-3.1993	-0.329	-0.0342
		AFC	SP	PMY	MY/LL
I7	B Value	-3.2549	-0.2445	-8.9768	6.24738	rIH = 0.5365 ∆H = 580.48
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-12.35	-11.05	10.98
	D gi	-298.4	-3.1644	0.438	0.0369

Index	Particulars	Traits
		AFC	SP	PMY	MY/CI
I8	B Value	-3.1337	-0.231	-0.2911	1.4512	rIH = 0.5369 ∆H = 580.48
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-12.35	-11.05	10.96
	D gi	-298.1	-3.2013	0.054	0.0022
		AFC	CI	LMY	LL
I9	B Value	-3.0448	-0.2825	0.02128	0.4052	rIH = 0.50738 ∆H = 544.62
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	12.00	14.49
	D gi	-293.67	-1.7556	-121.96	-0.532
		AFC	CI	LMY	PMY
I10	B Value	-3.1081	-0.044	0.016	0.0815	rIH = 0.53492 ∆H = 553.303
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	12.00	-11.05
	D gi	-295.89	-1.8284	-103.96	-0.0399
		AFC	CI	LMY	MY/LL
I11	B Value	-3.1082	-0.0465	0.01703	-0.5248	rIH = 0.53521 ∆H = 553.36
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	12.00	10.98
	D gi	-285.80	-1.827	-101.61	-0.0344
		AFC	CI	LMY	MY/CI
I12	B Value	-3.1337	-1.7536	0.2665	-107.97	rIH = 0.5437 ∆H = 562.178
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	12.00	10.96
	D gi	-290.43	-2.7358	-123.01	0.00684
		AFC	CI	LL	PMY
I13	B Value	-3.1214	-0.0727	0.16374	-8.5277	rIH = 0.5292 ∆H = 557.19
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	14.49	12.00
	D gi	-296.10	-1.7623	-0.6563	-0.465
		AFC	CI	PMY	MY/LL
I14	B Value	-3.1912	0.0715	-3.2407	6.1567	rIH = 0.5468 ∆H = 567.75
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	-11.05	10.98
	D gi	-276.03	-1.8606	-0.41	-0.0353

Index	Particulars	Traits

		AFC	CI	PMY	MY/CI
I15	B Value	-3.1912	0.0715	-1.8127	-6.3585	rIH = 0.5476 ∆H = 525.82
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	-11.05	10.96
	D gi	-277.75	-14.107	-0.434	-0.0043
		AFC	CI	MY/LL	MY/CI
I16	B Value	-3.2249	-0.3718	50.6335	-55.369	rIH = 0.5534 ∆H = 554.033
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-15.52	10.98	10.96
	D gi	-293.23	-2.298	-0.0335	-0.00043
		AFC	LMY	LL	DP
I17	B Value	-3.0843	0.0445	0.04733	-1.5698	rIH = 0.4767 ∆H = 588.32
	R.E.V.	-10.88	12.00	14.49	-12.02
	D gi	-277.78	324.45	0.00964	-5.288
		AFC	LMY	LL	MY/CI
I18	B Value	-2.8796	-0.0416	0.3945	24.714	rIH = 0.5041 ∆H = 516.71
	R.E.V.	-10.88	12.00	14.49	10.96
	D gi	-234.88	-320.36	-0.5605	-0.0027
		AFC	LMY	DP	MY/CI
I19	B Value	-3.1392	0.11971	-1.8111	-46.234	rIH = 0.5024 ∆H = 593.90
	R.E.V.	-10.88	12.00	-12.02	10.96
	D gi	-281.09	312.22	-5.5636	0.03933
		AFC	LMY	MY/LL	MY/CI
I20	B Value	-2.9408	-0.0145	-7.4477	18.946	rIH = 0.5245 ∆H = 525.81
	R.E.V.	-10.88	12.00	10.98	10.96
	D gi	-279.578	-431.81	-0.0335	-0.0335

Index	Particulars	Traits

		AFC	LL	PMY	MY/CI
I21	B Value	-2.9699	-0.1611	-15.702	10.7546	rIH = 0.5215 ∆H = 530.89
	R.E.V.	-10.88	14.49	-11.05	10.96
	D gi	-233.69	-0.6305	-0.0485	-0.0046
		AFC	PMY	MY/LL	MY/CI
I22	B Value	-3.0304	-8.9906	56.594	-0.9931	rIH = 0.5284 ∆H = 539.63
	R.E.V.	10.88	-11.05	10.98	10.96
	D gi	-233.68	-0.0445	-0.0375	0.0013
		AFC	DP	PMY	MY/LL
I23	B Value	-3.2398	-0.8399	-2.8814	1.0691	rIH = 0.5193 ∆H = 530.39
	R.E.V.	-10.88	-12.02	-11.05	10.98
	D gi	-244.55	-0.5723	-0.0335	-0.0049
		CI	LL	DP	PMY
I24	B Value	9.90784	-0.5409	-15.287	89.667	rIH = 0.8901 ∆H = 1149.46
	R.E.V.	-15.52	14.49	-12.02	-11.05
	D gi	-1.7614	70.2902	-84.481	0.04922
		CI	LL	PMY	MY/LL
I25	B Value	0.05506	0.47866	1.1793	-0.2477	rIH = 0.82678 ∆H = 44.179
	R.E.V.	-15.52	14.49	-11.05	10.98
	D gi	-1.401	1.5686	-0.0269	-0.0051
		CI	LL	PMY	MY/CI
I26	B Value	-0.0866	0.67155	1.89038	-8.8312	rIH = 0.80063 ∆H = 51.216
	R.E.V.	-15.52	14.49	-11.05	10.96
	D gi	-59.908	1.3825	-0.0335	0.055372

Index	Particulars	Traits

		CI	LL	MY/LL	MY/CI
I27	B Value	-1.3031	2.1377	72.6337	-94.184	rIH = 0.98694 ∆H = 90.831
	R.E.V.	-15.52	14.49	10.98	10.96
	D gi	-60.729	-37.94	-0.0086	0.05544
		CI	DP	MY/LL	MY/CI
I28	B Value	0.82212	-1.9008	72.3355	-80.755	rIH = 0.90083 ∆H = 163.388
	R.E.V.	-15.52	-12.02	10.98	10.96
	D gi	-4.7436	-119.55	0.1139	0.1693

Abbreviations:     AFC= Age at first calving,                                      SP= service period,      LL= lactation length,
DP= dry period,                                                                                      LMY= lactation milk yield
CI= calving interval                                                                MY/CI= Milk yield per day of calving interval.
R.E.V. = Relative economic weights,      ∆ gi= Gain in each trait, ∆H= Overall genetic gain
rIH= Correlation between genetic worth and indeX

REFERENCES

Banerjee, Sandip & Banerjee, S. (2002). Correlation between some reproduction and production traits in Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal crossbred cows. Indian Vet. J. 79(2), 927-930.
Cunningham, E. P. (1969). Animal Breeding Theory. Landbruck Sokbhandelen Universities, Forlaget Yollabekk, 0510.
Deokar, D. K., & Ulmek, B. R. (2001). Studies on lactation length in Jersey cattle. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 26(1), 104-106.
Hazel, L. N., & Lush, J. L. (1942). The efficiency of three methods of selection. J. Heridity. 33, 393-399.
Hogsett, M. L., & Nordskog, A. W. (1958). Poult. Sci., 37, 1404-1419.
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