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There are four cultivated species in Phaseolus vulgaris – The common bean, French bean, haricot bean, snap bean; P. coccineus: The runner or scarlet runner bean; P. lunatus: The lima (large seeded), sieve (small seeded) butter or Madagascar bean and P. acutifolius var Latifolius: The tapary bean. All the species are diploid with chromosome number 2n = 22.

French bean is an annual herbaceous, erect, bushy (20-65 cm tall) or twinning or climbing or pole type (2-3.2 m long) with alternate triplicate leaves are stipulate, petiolate with good tendrils. Based on the growth habit, the French bean varieties are grouped as bush type with short internodes, semi-pole type with longer internodes, and the pole type having internodes longer than that of semi-pole type. In the regions of high rainfall, especially during rainy season, generally, the pole type varieties are preferred for cultivation.
Experimental Site and Location:
The field experiment was conducted at the student instructional Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur- Uttar Pradesh. Experimental field was well levelled and had assured irrigation facilities. At investigations were undertaken in the Department of Crop Physiology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur.
Climatic and Weather Conditions
Geographically, Kanpur is one of the principle city of Uttar Pradesh (India), is located in sub-tropical climate situated at 270 28' N (latitude) and 80.150' E (longitude) in the Gangetic alluvial tract of central U.P. about 127 meters above sea level. The climate is sub-tropical, semi-arid with hot dry summers and severs cold winters. During experimentation, temperature was cool during vegetative growth while it was hot during pod maturing stage in both years of experimentation.
Treatment combination and symbols

In all, there were 12 treatments with four levels of sulphur and three levels of iron as given below:

Sulphur Level                                         :                           Iron Level
S0 (Zero Kg S/ha)                       S0                             :             Fe 0 (Zero kg Fe/ha)            f0
S20 (20 Kg S/ha)                          S1                            :             Fe 3.0 (3.0 kg Fe/ha)           f1
S35 (35 Kg S/ha)                          S2                            :             Fe 6.0 (6.0 kg Fe/ha)           f2

                     

Method of seed sowing:
Sowing was done at 45 cm row spacing by Kera method behind the Deshi plough in furrow at 5 - 6 cm depth from the surface in the row spaced 45 cm and plant to plant distance of 10 cm as for as possible. The sowing of seeds was done on 4th November, 2017 and 2nd November". 2018 during both the years, respectively.
Application of Fertilizer:
A total dose of fertilizer basal requirements 120 kg/ha Nitrogen, 60 kg/ha (P205) Phosphorus and 60 kg/ha (K20) Potash were applied through Urea, Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and murate of potash (MOP) were used in the experiment respectively.
Application of Treatments:
Elemental Sulphurs were applied through Sachovet (wp) and Irons were applied through Etiolytic iron powder after demarcating individual plots in accordance with layout plan.
Plant Sampling Schedule:
Plant samples were taken at 30 days intervals from sowing i.e. 30 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and harvest for recording growth observations. After recording growth data plant was separated into different organs for recording dry matter content.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Leaf area
The significant effect of leaf area observed in treatment S35 with 153.89 and 155.90 (30 DAS), 760.44 and 766.05 (60 DAS), 1112.80 and 1122.17 (90 DAS) and at maturity its value 466.48 and 474.46 followed by S50   with 143.48 and 145.36 (30 DAS), 708.98 and 724.31 (60 DAS), 1003.67 and 1012.40 (90 DAS) and at maturity recorded leaf area in 434.92 and 442.36. The lowest value was observed in treatment S0 with 131.30 and 132.98 (30 DAS), 648.99 and 653.87 (60 DAS), 876.43 and 884.43 (90 DAS) and finally its value observed in maturity with respect in 398.12 and 404.93 during both the year of experimentation. 
The mean value of iron recorded significantly higher leaf area for all stages i.e., 30, 60, 90 DAS and at maturity with treatment Fe6.0 145.95 and 147.86 (30 DAS), 721.21 and 726.63 (60 DAS), 1029.61 and 1038.49 (90 DAS) and maturity 442.42, 449.99 followed by Fe3.0 kg Fe ha-1 with 144.11 and 145.98 (30 DAS), 712.13 and 717.40 (60 DAS), 1010.35 and 1019.12 (90 DAS) and maturity 436.85, 444.32. Lowest leaf area recorded in Fe0 with 138.18 and 139.95 (30 DAS), 682.96 and 688.09 (60 DAS), 948.47 and 956.89 (90 DAS) and maturity 418.95, 426.12 during both cropping seasons, respectively.

Interaction (S x Fe) leaf area was found non-significant during both years experimentation. Numerically the interactive treatments, maximum leaf area was observed in all the treatments over control. During both years of experimentation.

Table 1: Leaf area per plant (cm2) of French bean at 30 DAS and 60 DAS as influenced by different levels of sulphur and iron application

Table 2: Leaf area per plant (cm2) of French bean at 90 DAS and maturity stage as influenced by different levels of sulphur and iron application

Total chlorophyll content
The significantly higher mean value of total chlorophyll content in mg g-1 fresh tissue with treatment S35 (0.648, 0.665) at pre-flowering and (0.540, 0.554) at post-flowering stage followed by S50 (0.606, 0.621) in pre-flowering and in post-flowering its content value (0.506, 0.518) while, least chlorophyll content value was found in treatment S0 (0.546, 0.560) at pre-flowering and at after flowering its content value (0.456, 0.472) with both years of experimentation, respectively.
            The data of iron application show significant effect on total chlorophyll content however, maximum value of total chlorophyll content  was found in Fe6.0 (0.635, 0.650) in pre-flowering and at post-flowering (0.529, 0.543) and minimum in Fe0 (0.566, 0.580) in before flowering and at after flowering its value (0.472, 0.487) both concerning experimental years.

The interaction effect of (S × Fe) sulphur and iron treatments its visualized that the value of total chlorophyll content in mg g-1 fresh tissue of both experimental years was non-significant effect but numerically, maximum value showed in combination S35Fe6.0 followed by S35Fe3.0 and S50Fe6.0 while minimum in S0Fe0 in both stages and in both corresponding years of experimentation, respectively.

Table 3: Total chlorophyll content of French bean Pre-Flowering and Post-Flowering stage as influenced by different levels of sulphur and iron application

Relative water content in (%)
At pre flowering stage significantly higher mean value of RWC content with application of 35 kg S ha-1 (73.67, 75.42 and 51.63, 52.43) followed by 50 kg S kg ha-1 (72.75, 74.48 and 50.90, 51.97) and 20 kg S kg ha-1 (72.00, 73.72 and 53.53, 51.68), and minimum value of RWC was recorded treatment S0 (70.42, 72.12 and 49.51, 51.70) during in the year 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively.
            Similarly, RWC % increased significantly with increasing levels of Fe @ 6.0 kg ha-1 (72.56, 74.29 and 50.89, 52.17) and it was decreased slightly with application of Fe @ 3.0 kg ha-1 (72.25, 73.97 and 50.68, 52.01), and minimum value of RWC observed Fe0 control (71.81, 73.54 and 50.35, 51.65) respectively, both stage of plant growth during both year of cropping seasons.

The interaction of sulphur and iron (S × Fe) did not show any significant role of relative water content at both stages and during both the year of experimentation.

Table 4: Relative water content of French bean Pre-Flowering and Post-Flowering stage as influenced by different levels of sulphur and iron application

 

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