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In present research paper a statistical analysis of different energy resources has been done. The resource and reserve volumes confer here are from world leading energy agencies like world economic forum (WEF), OPEC and trusted by most of the lead authors.

DISCUSSION

ENERGY RESOURCES AND THEIR SHARE IN PRIMARY ENERGY:

Crude Oil: World 79.4 percent oil reserves are in OPEC whereas only 20.6 percent oil reserves located in rest of world. (OPEC, 2019). Out of OPEC countries Venezuela has maximum oil reserves 302.81 billion barrels. Other leading countries are Saudi Arabia 267.03 billion barrels, Iran 155.60 billion barrels, Iraq 145.02 billion barrels, Kuwait 101.50 billion barrels. Table: 1 show the world estimated crude oil reserve in 2018.

Table 1: World estimated crude oil reserve [Source: OPEC (2019) Annual statistical bulletin]

 

Crude Oil Cumulative Production vs Net Addition: During the era 2009 to 2018 OPEC members countries crude oil net addition to reserves is 186.2 billion barrels whereas to net addition to reserve is 24.6 billion barrels by rest of world. Cumulative production by OPEC in this was 113.8 billion barrels whereas cumulative production by rest of world was 152.1 billion barrels. (OPEC, 2019).
Distribution of crude oil proved reserves: From last three decades Total world crude oil proved reserves continuously increasing in 1999 reserves was 1277.1 thousand million barrels, in 2009 these were 1531.8 thousands million barrels and in 2019 these were 1733.92 thousands million barrels.

(WEF, 2020).

NATURAL GAS: Total world natural gas proved reserves continuously increasing in 1999 reserves was 132.8 trillion cubic metre. In next decades world natural gas proved reserves increases significant manner and it was 170.5 trillion cubic metre in the end of 2009. From 2009 to 2019 there was slow increases of world natural gas proved reserves and, in the end of 2019, proved coal reserves was 198.5 trillion cubic metre. (WEF, 2020).

COAL: Total world coal proved reserves in 1999 was 1058811 million tone. In next decades world coal proved reserves decreases and it was 928238 million tone in the end of 2009. From 2009 to 2019 there was significant increases of world coal proved reserves and, in the end of 2019, proved coal reserves was 1069636 million tonnes. (WEF, 2020).

FUTURE ASPECT: The global reserve to production ratio indicates that oil reserves in 2019 accounted for 50 years of current production. Regionally, South & Central America have the highest reserve to production ratio (144 years) while Europe indicate the lowest reserve to production ratio (12 years). World total proved gas reserves jumped from 1.7 trillion cubic metre to 198.8 trillion cubic metre in 2019. China shows maximum increments in gas reserves ratio (2 trillion cubic metre) followed by Azerbaijan (0.7 trillion cubic metre). Whereas Indonesian reserves decline by 1.3 trillion cubic metre. The current global reserve to production ratio shows that gas reserves in 2019 accounted for 49.8 years of current production. The Middle East reserve to production ratio was (108.7 years) and Commonwealth Independent States was (75.8 years). World coal reserves in 2019 stood at 1070 billion tonnes and are heavily concentrated in just a few countries: US (23%), Russia (15%), Australia (14%) and China (13%). Most of the reserves are anthracite and bituminous (70%). The current global reserve to production ratio shows that coal reserves in 2019 accounted for 132 years of current production. North America shows highest reserve to production ratio (367 years) and followed by Commonwealth Independent States (338 years).
ENVIRONMENTALASPECT: Fossil fuels have greatest contribution to impact the environment. Crude Oil pollute the environment at every state from production to refineries. When oil split in sea it have an adverse effect on marine life and ecosystem (Akash Mirajkar et al., 2019, G. Alaa El-Din et al., 2017). Coal give maximum contribute in Co2 emission. All fossil fuels are responsible for green house gas emission and global warming.

CONCLUSION

Demand of world energy increases day by day whereas fossil fuels are not in renewable in nature so one day they became disappears. Also, fossil fuels are not environment friendly so to overcome these difficulties world need to encourage the production of renewable energy by developing new and advanced technology.

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