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Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences (IJPAB)
Year : 2021, Volume : 9, Issue : 1
First page : (199) Last page : (203)
Article doi: : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8571

Study on Prevalence of Child Emotional Abuse and Its Various Forms

Sujatha M.^1* and P. Rekha²
¹Senior Lecturer, District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) Chennai – 600 005
²Lecturer, District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) Chennai – 600 005
*Corresponding Author E-mail: sujatha.mohan1411@gmail.com
Received: 3.01.2021 | Revised: 6.02.2021 | Accepted: 10.02.2021

ABSTRACT

Child abuses are any threatening or violent interaction of physical, psychological or sexual nature, which may cause physical or psychological harm to the child. The effects of physical, emotional and sexual abuse and violence are far-reaching; not only their health but also the economic prospects of victims are affected. The historical record is also filled with reports of unkempt, weak and malnourished children cast out by families to fend for themselves. The study was carried out from December 2019 to May 2020. The study was carried out by a multistage sampling method. The first and second stages employed a simple random sampling technique. Majority of 53.3 per cent of the respondents not mentioned anything, remaining 48 respondents forming 32.0 per cent saying and 14.7 per cent of the respondents saying yes. It clearly indicates that majority of 36.0 per cent abused to talk bad language/words within their peer groups. majority of 58 respondents forming 38.7 per cent of them says that their parents ever loved. These have together created an environment wherein discussion on child abuse has been initiated, the media has started highlighting such issues and an understanding of their gravity is gaining momentum.

Keywords: Child abuses, Effects of physical, Mocked and Scolded.

Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782

Cite this article: Sujatha, M., & Rekha, P. (2021). Study on Prevalence of Child Emotional Abuse and Its Various Forms, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 9(1), 199-203. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8571

INTRODUCTION

Child abuses are any threatening or violent interaction of physical, psychological or sexual nature, which may cause physical or psychological harm to the child. This includes neglect and withholding essential aid, medical care and education. Sexual and physical abuse are forms of physical violence. It is also addition to the forms of mental abuse exist. Forced marriage at a very young age and ritual circumcision of girls are also forms of child abuse. Children have the right to protection from all forms of maltreatment, abuse, neglect and violence.

The World Health Organization reports that an estimated 20 percent of all women are victims of sexual abuse. The effects of physical, emotional and sexual abuse and violence are far-reaching; not only their health but also the economic prospects of victims are affected.

In conflict areas - where many refugees are given shelter - girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual abuse and assault.
Child abuse has for a long time been recorded in literature, art and science in many parts of the world. Reports of infanticide, mutilation, abandonment and other forms of violence against children date back to ancient civilizations. The historical record is also filled with reports of unkempt, weak and malnourished children cast out by families to fend for themselves and of children who have been sexually abused. For a long time also there have existed charitable groups and others concerned with children’s wellbeing who have advocated the protection of children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was conducted at the educational institutional level a cross sectional study to estimate the prevalence of child emotional abuse among upper primary children’s in the selected zones of the study region Chennai, in Tamil Nadu. The upper primary school children are in the selected zones of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The study was carried out from July 2019 to December 2019. The period of study in upper primary school was from June 2019 to February 2020. The study population comprised of adults in upper primary schools in selected zones of Chennai.
The study was carried out by a multistage sampling method. The first and second stages employed a simple random sampling technique, followed by systemic random sampling. Data collection was done in the upper primary school level after obtaining permission from The Headmaster of all the schools in the selected zone. The collected data was entered for analysis in Microsoft Excel. This data was exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21 for analysis.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

The following findings is based on emotional abuse of children in various forms was interpreted as tabulation and explained their results from the interpretation.

Table 1: Did anyone call you idiot

Idiot	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	22	14.7	14.7	14.7
No	48	32.0	32.0	46.7
Not mentioned	80	53.3	53.3	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 1 depicts did anyone call the respondents idiot. It clearly shows that majority of 53.3 per cent of the respondents not mentioned anything, remaining 48 respondents forming 32.0 per cent saying and 14.7 per cent of the respondents saying yes. Which means that majority of the respondents not mentioning whether anyone call them as idiot.

Table 2: Mock you because of physical appearance

Physical appearance	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	74	49.3	49.3	49.3
No	49	32.7	32.7	82.0
Not mentioned	27	18.0	18.0	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 2 explains did anyone mock the respondents because of their physical appearance. It clearly shows that majority of 74 respondents forming 49.3 percent of them are mocked, remaining 49 respondents forming 32.7 percent never got mocked and 27 respondents forming 18.0 percent not mentioned anything. The table concludes that majority of the respondents got mocked because of the physical appearance.

Table 3: Anyone call you by foul or dirty names

Dirty names	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	9	6.0	6.0	6.0
No	95	63.3	63.3	69.3
Not mentioned	46	30.7	30.7	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 3 represents did anyone call the respondents like foul or dirty names. It clearly shows that majority of 95 respondents forming 63.3 per cent says that they never call like that. Remaining 46 respondents forming 30.7 per cent of them not mentioned anything. The above table concludes that none of the respondents call like foul or dirty names.

Table 4: Anyone belittle or humiliate you without any cause or justification

Belittle or humiliate	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	31	20.7	20.7	20.7
No	81	54.0	54.0	74.7
Not mentioned	38	25.3	25.3	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 4 depicts did anyone belittle or humiliate the respondents without any cause or justification. It clearly shows that majority of 81 respondents forming 54.0 say ‘no’. Remaining 38 respondents not mentioned anything and 31 respondents forming 20.7 per cent says that respondents are belittle or humiliate without any cause or justification. The above table concludes that majority of the respondent do not have any cause or justification on belittle and humiliate.

Table 5: Respondents parents ever loved your brother(s)/sister(s) more than you

Loved brother(s)/sister(s)	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	49	32.7	32.7	32.7
No	58	38.7	38.7	71.3
Not mentioned	43	28.7	28.7	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 5 describes whether the respondent’s parents ever loved their brother(s)/sister(s) more than the respondents in the study area. It clearly shows that majority of 58 respondents forming 38.7 per cent of them says that their parents ever loved, remaining 49 respondents forming 32.7 per cent of them say yes and 43 respondents forming 28.7 percent of them not mentioned anything about whether their parents loved the respondents brother(s)/sister(s). The above table conclude that 38.7 percent of the respondent’s parents ever loved their brother(s)/sister(s).

Table 6: Verbally abused using bad language/words in family

Bad language/ words in family	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	43	28.7	28.7	28.7
No	71	47.3	47.3	76.0
Not mentioned	36	24.0	24.0	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 6 explains verbally abusing bad language/words in family. It clearly indicates that majority of 47.3 per cent of them never used bad language/words in the family. Remaining 28.0 per cent of them abusing bad language/words while talking in the family and 24.0 per cent of the respondents not mentioned anything whether family members abused bad language/words in the family while talking.

Table 7: Verbally abused using bad language/words by class teacher

Bad language/words by class teacher	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	58	38.7	38.7	38.7
No	56	37.3	37.3	76.0
Not mentioned	36	24.0	24.0	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 7 explains verbally abused using bad language/words by class teacher. It clearly shows that majority of 58 respondents forming 38.7 per cent mentioned yes and 56 respondents forming 37.3 per cent mentioned no and 36 respondents forming 24.0 per cent not mentioned whether they abused using bad language/words by the class teacher.

Table 8: Verbally abused using bad language/words in peer groups

Bad language/words in peer groups	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	54	36.0	36.0	36.0
No	49	32.7	32.7	68.7
Not mentioned	47	31.3	31.3	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 8 represents verbally abused using bad language/words within peer groups. It clearly indicates that majority of 36.0 per cent abused to talk bad language/words within their peer groups. Remaining 32.7 per cent of the respondents never abused to use bad language/words within their peer group and 31.3 per cent of the respondents not mentioned anything are they used or abused to use bad language/words within peer groups.

Table 9: parents ever scolded you by calling ‘stupid’, ‘useless’ or ‘anaksial’

Stupid’, ‘useless’ or ‘anaksial’?	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	53	35.3	35.3	35.3
No	65	43.3	43.3	78.7
Not mentioned	32	21.3	21.3	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 9 depicts parents ever scolded the respondents by calling ‘stupid’, ‘useless ‘or’ anaksial’. It clearly shows that majority of 43.3 per cent of the respondents parents never scold them and 35.3 per cent of the respondents parents scold them by calling stupid, anaksial and useless. Only 21.3 per cent of the respondents not mentioned anything whether their parents ever scolded by calling them ad stupid, useless and anaksial.

Table 10: parents ever hugged you because they love you

Parents hugged you because they love you	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	79	52.7	52.7	52.7
No	29	19.3	19.3	72.0
Not mentioned	42	28.0	28.0	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 10 describe respondents parents ever hugged them because they love them. It is clearly indicate from the above table that majority of 79 respondents forming 52.7 per cent of them parents hugged them because they love more.
Only 29 respondents forming 19.3 per cent says their parent ever hugged and not love them and 42 respondents forming 28.0 per cent not mentioned anything whether their parents hugged them because they love them. The above table concludes that majority of the respondents hugged and love them in the study region.

Table 11: do you feel any of the above things still happening to you

Feel any things still happening to you	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	29	19.3	19.3	19.3
No	76	50.7	50.7	70.0
Not mentioned	45	30.0	30.0	100.0
Total	150	100.0	100.0

Table 11 explains do the respondents feel anything still happened to them. It clearly shows that majority of 50.7 per cent of the respondents never think about what happened. Remaining 30.0 per cent of the respondents not mentioned anything about whether they feel anything about happened to them and 19.3 per cent of them feeling about the thing happened to them. The above table concludes that majority of them forget the things happened to them.

CONCLUSION

This study on child abuse is expected to place the subject of child abuse on the national agenda. These have together created an environment wherein discussion on child abuse has been initiated, the media has started highlighting such issues and an understanding of their gravity is gaining momentum.
The primary responsibility of protecting children from abuse and neglect lies with the families or the primary caregivers. However, communities and civil society and all other stakeholders are also responsible for the care and protection of children. The overarching responsibility is that of the state and it is the state that has to create a protective environment and provide a safety net for children who fall into vulnerable and exploitative situations.

REFERENCES

WHO, (1999). Report of the consultation on child abuse prevention. WHO, Geneva, 28-31 March, 1999. [Internet]. [cited 2015 Feb02]. Available from:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/65900/1/WHO_HSC_PVI_99.1.pdf
WHO Multi-country study on women’s health and Domestic violence against women. [Internet]. [cited 2015 Feb 02]. Available from:
http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/summary_report/summary_report_English2.pdf
Global status report on violence prevention, (2014). WHO, UNODC, UNDP, [Internet]. [cited 2015 Feb02]. Available from:
http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/Reports/UNDPGVA-violence-2014.pdf
UN-secretary general’s study on violence against children. [Internet]. [cited 2015 Feb 10]. Available from:
http://www.unicef.org/violencestudy/reports/SG_violencestudy_en.pdf
Crime in India- Compendium [Internet]. [cited 2015 Feb 26]. Available from: http://ncrb.gov.in/CD-CII2013/compendium%202013.pdf.

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