Archives

Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences (IJPAB)
Year : 2020, Volume : 8, Issue : 5
First page : (399) Last page : (402)
Article doi: : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8266

Management of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Yellow Mosaic Virus Using Newer Group of Insecticidal Treatments

  Birbal Bairwa^1*, Deen Dayal Bairwa², P. S. Singh³, Anubhav Galav⁴ and S. K. Trivedi^5
1,3Department of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.)
²Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, M.P.U.A.T., Udaipur
^4,5School of Agriculture Science, Career Point University Kota Rajasthan
*Corresponding Author E-mail: birbalentobhu@gmail.com
Received: 3.07.2020 | Revised: 10.08.2020 | Accepted: 16.08.2020 

 ABSTRACT

Mungbean is a one of the major pulse crops in India. The Yellow Mosaic Virus disease caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is considered as one of the most destructive disease of mungbean growing areas of north India. Efficacy of some newer insecticides were observed on mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) HUM-12 during Kharif season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 for the management of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus on variety at Agriculture Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi (U.P.). Among the tested insecticides, Imidacloprid (Hilmida @ 100 g a.i. /ha) reduced the disease upto a maximum extent having in disease of 63.84 per cent at 60th day after sowing followed by  treatments i.e. thiamethoxam (Tagxone @ 25 g a.i. /ha),  clothianidin (Dantop @ 20 g a.i./ha), profenophos (Celcron @ 500 g a.i. /ha), buprofezine (Applaud @ 200 g a.i./ha), lambda cyhalothrin (Karate @ 40 g a.i./ha) and emamectin benzoate (Missile @ 12 g a.i./ha) per cent reduction in disease of 62.10 followed by 59.32, 56.93, 54.85, 52.30 and 47.52 per cent respectively at 60 day after sowing. On the other hand lowest reduction in (MVMY) was recorded with indoxacarb (Isocarb @ 65 g a.i./ha) and spinosad (Tracer @ 60 g a.i./ha) in treated plot with 36.10 and 43.90 per cent during both the experimental year. The identified in the present study can be used for the control of MYMV disease in mungbean.

Keyword: Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), Disease, Mung bean, Insecticide.

Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782

Cite this article:  Bairwa, B., Bairwa, D. D., Singh, P. S., Galav, A., & Trivedi, S. K. (2020). Management of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Yellow Mosaic Virus Using Newer Group of Insecticidal Treatments, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 8(5), 399-402. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8266

INTRODUCTION

The origin of the mungbean is basically from India and Mynmar region. The crop is also grown through out the asian country. Australia, West Indies, South and North America, tropical and subtropical Africa (Karthikeyan et al., 2014).
Pulses play an equally  important  role  in rain-fed  and  irrigated  agriculture  by improving physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and considered important pulse  crop  for  natural  resource  management, environmental security, crop diversification and consequently for  viable agriculture (Ghosh, 2009). Mungbean is one of most preferred pulse crop by Indian farmers. Vigna radiata L. (Wilczek), and commonly known as green gram or mungbean (originated in India or the Indo Burmese region), is a vital crop grown throughout Asia. Asia alone contributes about for 90% of world’s mungbean production. In which India alone contribute about 54 to 65 % of global production (Singh, 2011). The productivity of mungbean is very low (384 kg/ha) and neat to improve further.
Mungbean considered as a vital source most digestive protein (19 to 28%) among pulses along with minerals (0.18 to 0.21%) and vitamins (Vitamin A Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B6 Vitamin C and folic acid) without flatulence (Karamany, 2006) and (Rishi, 2009).
The poor productivity is due to viruses namely, Alf-alfa mosaic virus, Urdbean leaf crinkle virus, Groundnut bud necrosis virus, Bean common mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Mosaic mottle virus and mungbean yellow mosaic virus (Yadav et al., 2011). Among them Mungbean yellow mosaic virus is one of the major virus. This virus has been reported to infect cowpea (Naimuddin & Akram, 2010) and many wild accessions of Vigna spp. The mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease was first reported from India in 1955 on mungbean (Nariani, 1960).  It has potential to 100% damage to this crop (Nene, 1972). The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is one of the major insect which is responsible to transmit MYMV.
It is now felt essential to study how to control / manage the whitefly (BT) population for control of this disease.
Whitefly population can only be mange with the application of systemic insecticide (Singh & Bhan, 1998). The present study was carried out to know the extent of mungbean yellow mosaic virus disease, incidence on mungbean along with population of whitefly.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments including untreated absolute control with three replication. The mungbean variety, HUM-12 was taken for study and sown during Kharif season 2013-14 and 2014-15 at 30 × 10 cm spacing between row to row and plant to plant. All the treatments were allotted randomly to each plot in each replication i.e. Lambda cyhatlothrin 5% EC, Spinosad 45% SC, Profenophos 50% EC, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Thiamethoxam 25% WG, Buprofezine 25% SC, Indoxacarb 14.5% SC and Clothianidin 50% WDG were evaluated against MYMV incidence. Water sprayed plots were kept as absolute control and volume of the spray liquid was taken as 500 litters per hectare. Per cent reduction in population over control was calculated by using following modified formula given by Henderson and Tilton (1955).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The bio-efficacy of different insecticides was evaluated against MYMV disease incidence during Kharif season 2013-14. After 60 days after sowing (15th day after second spray) with few newer insecticides the disease incidence was found significantly influenced by different treatments. MYMV disease intensity was recorded ranged from 12.11 to 19.11 per cent while, intensity extent recorded highest from 33.56 per cent in control plot. Application of imidacloprid (12.11%) and thiamethoxam (12.56%) was found higher reduction with 65.35 and 63.59 per cent over control, respectively. The next effective treatment was clothianidin (13.33%) followed by profenophos (15.11%), buprofezine (14.67%), lambda cyhalothrin (16.11%) and emamectin benzoate (17.0%) which registered 87.2, 60.26, 59.47, 56.29, 51.31 and 53.23 per cent reduction, respectively, over control. The highest disease incidence 21.56 per cent was recorded in indoxacarb with 39.93 per cent and spinosad was recorded 19.21 per cent with 45.32 per reduction over control.
While, during Kharif season 2014-15; minimum disease incidence spread by whitefly was recorded (Table1) due to application of imidacloprid (11.89%) and thiamethoxam (11.78%) with 62.33 and 60.60 per cent reduction over control and were statistically at par with the best treatment. Application of clothianidin (12.44%), profenophos (13.89%), buprofezin (14.44%) lambda cyhalothrin (15.0%) and emamectin benzoate (16.11%) were the most promising treatments with 58.37, 54.39, 53.41 53.29 and 41.80 per cent reduction over control MYMV disease incidence respectively. Indoxacarb (21.0%) and spinosad (19.11%) with 32.27 and 42.42 per cent reduction over control and were statistically at par with the least effective in reducing the MYMV incidence but better than control (30.44 %).
The present findings are agreement with the Salam (2005) who reported that the imidacloprid alone found highly effective and recorded the lowest per cent disease incidence and least number of whitefly. The present findings are also in agreement with the reports of Panduranga et al. (2011) found the nearly similar result, among the treatments, thiomethoxam (T3) (1086 kg/ha) followed by spirotetramat (T9) (1014 kg/ha) and acetamprid (T7) (987 kg/ha) which recorded less whitefly population and low incidence of MYMV recorded. Gopalaswamy et al. (2012) reported that the whitefly population as well as yellow mosaic virus incidence were less in imidacloprid 70 WG @ 75 g/ha and thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 100 g/ha treatments.

Table: Efficacy of different insecticides against MYMV incidence (in %) at 30 and 60 days after sowing on mungbean during Kharif season 2013-14 and 2014-15

Treatment	Dosage	Kharif season 2013-14			Kharif season 2014-15
		30 DAS	60 DAS	PROC	30 DAS	60 DAS	PROC
T1: Spinosad 45% SC	12 g a.i./ha	8.33(16.78)	19.11(25.92)	45.32	6.67(14.96)	19.11(25.92)	42.47
T2:Emamectin benzoate 5% SG	200 g a.i./ha	8.67(17.12)	17.00(24.35)	53.23	5.56(13.63)	16.11(23.66)	41.80
T3: Profenophos  50% EC	25 g a.i./ha	8.89(17.35)	15.11(22.88)	59.47	6.11(14.31)	13.89(21.88)	54.39
T4: Lambdacyhalothrin. 5% EC	20 g a.i./ha	7.89(16.31)	16.11(23.66)	51.31	6.44(14.71)	15.00(22.79)	53.29
T5: Thiamethoxam  25% WG	60 g a.i./ha	8.22(16.66)	12.56(20.75)	63.59	6.00(14.18)	11.78(20.07)	60.60
T6: Indoxacarb  14.5% SC	40 g a.i./ha	8.56(17.01)	21.56(27.66)	39.93	6.22(14.44)	21.00(27.27)	32.27
T7: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL	65 g a.i./ha	8.33(16.78)	12.11(20.37)	65.35	6.33(14.58)	11.89(20.17)	62.33
T8: Buprofezin 25% SC	500 g a.i./ha	8.00(16.43)	14.67(22.52)	56.29	6.22(14.44)	14.44(22.34)	53.41
T9: Clothianidin 50% WDG	100 g a.i./ha	8.00(16.43)	13.33(21.42)	60.26	6.00(14.80)	12.44(20.66)	58.37
T10: Control  (Water Spray)	-	8.00(16.43)	33.56(35.40)	-	6.11(14.31)	30.44(33.49)	-
SEm±	-	NS	(0.56)	-	NS	(0.64)	-
CD at 5%	-	NS	(1.66)	-	NS	(1.93)	-

REFERENCES

Ghosh, D., Laha, S. K., & Biswas, N. K. (2009). Effect of Different Pesticides on Incidence of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Incidence, International Journal of Plant Protection 2(1), 67-70.
Gopalaswamy, S. V. S., Ramana, M. V., & Krishna, Y. R. (2012). Management of YMV of blackgram by chemical control of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 20(2), 358-360.
Karamany, M. F. E. L. (2006). Double purpose (forage and seed) of mungbean production 1-effect of plant density and forage cutting date on forage and seed yields of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczeck), Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 2, 162-165.
Karthikeyan, A., Shobhana, V. G., Sudha, M., Raveendran, M., Senthil, N., Pandiyan, M., & Nagarajan, P. (2014). Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV): a threat to green gram (Vigna radiata) production in Asia, International Journal of Pest Management, 60(4), 314-324.
Naimuddin & Akram, M., (2010). Detection of mixed infection of begomo viruses in cowpea and their molecular characterizatio based on CP gene sequences, Journal of Food Legumes, 23, 191-195.
Nariani, T. K. (1960). Yellow mosaic of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus), Indian Phytopathology, 13, 24-29.
Panduranga, G. S., Vijayalakshmi & Reddy, K. L. (2011). Evaluation of insecticides for management of Bemisia tabaci and MYMV disease in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], Annals of Plant Protection Science, 19(2), 295-298.
Rishi, N. (2009). Significant plant virus diseases in India and a glimpse of modern disease management technology, Journal of general plant pathology, 75, 1-18.
Salam, S. A. (2005). Studies on mungbean yellow mosaic virus disease on greengram, Thesis University of Agricultural sciences Dharwad, 1-75.
Singh, B. B. (2011). Project coordinators report. All India Coordinated Research Project on MULLaRP. Annual Group Meet; 11-13 May 2011; Kanpur: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Pulses Research.
Singh, G., & Bhan, L. K. (1998). Diseases of mungbean and urdbean and their management In: IPM, System in Agriculture, 4, 311-371.