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Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences (IJPAB)
Year : 2020, Volume : 8, Issue : 5
First page : (320) Last page : (324)
Article doi: : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8367

Studies on Phytochemical Evaluation of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Genotypes Prevailing in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka

Praveenakumar R.^1*, Gopinath G.², Shyamalamma S.³, Ramesh S.⁴, Vasundhara M.⁵ and Chandre Gowda M.^6
1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Horticulture, ²Department of Horticulture, ³Department of Plant Biotechnology, ⁴Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ^5,6Department of Horticulture,
University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore
*Corresponding Author E-mail: rajuagron@gmail.com
Received: 3.09.2020 | Revised: 7.10.2020 | Accepted: 12.10.2020 

 ABSTRACT

The present investigation entitled “Studies on Phytochemical evaluation of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Genotypes prevailing in Eastern dry zone of Karnataka” was carried out in the laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, GKVK, Bangalore, during the year 2018 and 2019. The study was carried out with 22 treatments (genotypes) consist of ripe fruits collected from selected trees of tamarind exist in Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, GKVK, Bangalore, under Randomized Block Design with three replications. Higher Ascorbic acid content of pulp recorded in T19 [GKTAM-19 (11.35 mg/100g)], and lower Ascorbic acid content of pulp was recorded in T9 [GKTAM-9 (5.67 mg/100g)]. Higher Tartaric acid content of pulp was noticed in T1 [GKTAM-1 (12.15 %)] and lower Tartaric acid content of pulp was noticed in T6 [GKTAM-6 (6.21 %)].       

Keywords: Tamarind, Eastern Dry Zone, Ascorbic acid, Tartaric acid and Genotypes.

Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782

Cite this article: Praveenakumar, R., Gopinath, G., Shyamalamma, S., Ramesh, S., Vasundhara, M., & Chandre Gowda, M. (2020). Studies on Phytochemical Evaluation of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Genotypes Prevailing in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 8(5), 320-324. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8367

INTRODUCTION

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a hardy evergreen monotypic tree which belongs to the family ‘Leguminosae’ and sub-family Caesalpinaceae and has the chromosome number 2n=24. The name tamarind was derived from the Arabic word ‘Tamar-E-Hind’ meaning ‘Date of India’. It is cultivated throughout the tropics and sub-tropics of the world and has become naturalized at many places. Tamarind is an economically important tree of India as well as Karnataka. In India, it is abundantly grown in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. 
Almost every part of the tree are useful, but the most important is the fruit pulp. It is a rich source of vitamins, minerals and also contains more of calcium than any other fruit.
Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid was determined by computation. Titrable acidity was expressed in terms of tartaric acid using equivalent weight of tartaric acid (Roopa and Kesiviswanatham, 2013).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data pertaining to Tartaric acid and Ascorbic acid pH are presented in Table 1.
Ascorbic Acid (mg/100g)
Significant differences were recorded between the accessions for ascorbic acid both during 2018-19 and 2019-20 as well as for pooled average.
During 2018-19, higher Ascorbic acid content was observed in T19 [GKTAM-19 (11.25 mg/100g)] followed by T1 [GKTAM-1 (10.79 mg/100g)], T7 [GKTAM-7 (10.47 mg/100g)] and T10 [GKTAM-10 (10.45 mg/100g)]. The lowest Ascorbic Acid was observed in T9 [GKTAM-9 (5.83 mg/100g)].
During 2019-20, higher Ascorbic acid content was observed in T19 [GKTAM-19 (11.35 mg/100g)] followed by T1 [GKTAM-1 (10.86 mg/100g)], T7 [GKTAM-7 (10.85 mg/100g)] and T10 [GKTAM-10 (10.53 mg/100g)]. The lowest Ascorbic acid was observed in T9 [GKTAM-9 (5.67 mg/100g)].
Among the pooled averages, higher pH was observed in T19 [GKTAM-19 (11.32 mg/100g)] followed by T1 [GKTAM-1 (10.82 mg/100g)], T7 [GKTAM-7 (10.66 mg/100g)] and T10 [GKTAM-10 (10.49 mg/100g)]. The lowest Ascorbic acid content was observed in T9 [GKTAM-9 (5.75 mg/100g)].
Tartaric acid (%)       
Significant differences were recorded between the genotypes for tartaric acid both during 2018-19 and 2019-20 as well as for pooled average.
During 2018-19, maximum Tartaric Acid was recorded in T1 [GKTAM-1 (12.15 %)] which was found to be on par with T9 [GKTAM-9 (11.26 %)], T15 [GKTAM-15 (11.11 %)] and T5 [GKTAM-5 (10.80 %].  The lower tartaric acid was recorded in T6 [GKTAM-6 (6.41 %)].   
During 2019-20, maximum Tartaric acid was recorded in T1 [GKTAM-1 (12.12 %)] which was found to be on par with T9 [GKTAM-9 (11.33 %)], T15 [GKTAM-15 (11.05 %)] and T5 [GKTAM-5 (10.97 %)]. The lower tartaric acid was recorded in T6 [GKTAM-6 (6.21 %)].
Among the pooled averages, maximum Tartaric acid was recorded in T1 [GKTAM-1 (12.14 %)] which was found to be on par with T9 [GKTAM-9 (11.30 %)], T15 [GKTAM-15 (11.08 %)] and T5 [GKTAM-5 (10.89 %)]. The lower tartaric acid was recorded in T6 [GKTAM-6 (6.31 %)].
All the phytochemical components of tamarind fruit pulp recorded was seen significant differences in all the accessions studied. Accessions GKTAM-1, GKTAM-18 and GKTAM-19 which found to be on par with each other, poses higher level of ascorbic acid and tartaric acid content. However, tartaric acid content in GKTAM-18 was close to GKTAM-1 and GKTAM-19.
On similar line of morphometric traits phytochemical traits seems to be under control of genetic makeup of accessions as depicted from the result during period of experiment. These results are also in agreement with the findings of Hanamashetti and Sulikeri (1997), Mastan et al. (1997), Benjamin and Seegobin (1999), Biradar (2001), Kotecha and Kadam (2002), Hanamashetti et al. (2003), Patil (2004), Prabhushankar et al. (2004), El-Siddig et al. (2006), Divakara (2009), Adeola and Aworh (2012), Joshi et al. (2013), Azhakiamanavalan and Vadivel (1997), Shankaracharya (1998), Obulesu and Bhattacharya (2010) and Sharma et al. (2015).

Table 1: Ascorbic acid and tartaric acid percentage of tamarind genotypes maintained at Department of Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru

Treatment	Genotype		Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g)			Tartaric acid (%)
			2018-19	2019-20	Pooled average	2018-19	2019-20	Pooled average
T1	GKTAM-1/PKM-1		10.79	10.86	10.82	12.15	12.12	12.14
T2	GKTAM-2		10.31	10.31	10.31	10.31	10.21	10.26
T3	GKTAM-3		6.82	6.74	6.78	9.80	9.77	9.78
T4	GKTAM-4		9.36	9.45	9.40	8.89	8.81	8.85
T5	GKTAM-5		8.90	8.95	8.93	10.80	10.97	10.89
T6	GKTAM-6		9.76	9.78	9.77	6.41	6.21	6.31
T7	GKTAM-7		10.47	10.85	10.66	9.70	9.73	9.71
T8	GKTAM-8		10.18	10.15	10.16	8.70	8.87	8.78
T9	GKTAM-9		5.83	5.67	5.75	11.26	11.33	11.30
T10	GKTAM-10		10.45	10.53	10.49	10.21	10.15	10.18
T11	GKTAM-11		8.37	8.52	8.45	10.67	10.57	10.62
T12	GKTAM-12		9.33	9.30	9.31	7.38	7.62	7.50
T13	GKTAM-13		10.18	10.19	10.19	8.16	8.16	8.16
T14	GKTAM-14		10.20	10.28	10.24	10.37	10.57	10.47
T15	GKTAM-15		8.36	8.41	8.39	11.11	11.05	11.08
T16	GKTAM-16		9.64	9.71	9.68	10.64	10.53	10.58
T17	GKTAM-17		10.17	10.29	10.23	9.21	9.2	9.20
T18	GKTAM-18/URIGAM		7.35	7.37	7.36	10.48	10.55	10.51
T19	GKTAM-19		11.25	11.29	11.27	9.71	9.78	9.74
T20	GKTAM-20		10.20	10.29	10.25	8.39	8.26	8.33
T21	GKTAM-21		6.23	6.25	6.24	8.80	8.77	8.78
T22	GKTAM-22		7.30	7.26	7.28	9.69	9.79	9.74
	Mean		9.16	9.20	9.18	9.68	9.69	9.68
	Range	Maximum	11.25	11.29	11.27	12.15	12.12	12.14
		Minimum	5.83	5.67	5.75	6.41	6.21	6.31
	F test (p≤0.05)		*	*	*	*	*	*
	S.Em±		0.05	0.09	0.06	0.02	0.09	0.04
	C.D at 5%		0.13	0.27	0.16	0.04	0.26	0.13

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