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Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences (IJPAB)
Year : 2020, Volume : 8, Issue : 3
First page : (451) Last page : (453)
Article doi: : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8154

Entrapment Efficiency of Novel Chitosan Nanoconjugated GnRH for Estrus Synchronization in Kilakarsal Ewes

M. Sundara Vinayaki* , V.S. Gomathy, P.S.L. Sesh, T. Lakshmi Prsanth and V. Ramakrishnan
Assistant Professor*
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli-627 358
TAMILNADU VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
*Corresponding Author E-mail: mvinayagi@gmail.com
Received: 3.05.2020  |  Revised: 12.06.2020   |  Accepted: 17.06.2020 

 ABSTRACT

The current research work was undertaken to induce estrus synchronization in Kilakarsal ewes, using chitosan nanoconjugated GnRH and to assess its efficacy and economical feasibility under semi intensive farming conditions The total GnRH (16.05 μg/mL) and free GnRH (2.80 μg/mL) contents as obtained by their respective protein values and entrapment efficacy was calculated and found to be 82.55 %. The nanoparticles prepared in this study showed the highest EE value of 82.55%. As EE values represent the conjugation abilities of GnRH with chitosan, it may be inferred that the Chitosan nanoconjugated GnRH may be the most suitable and cost effective treatment for ES in ewes.

Keywords: Estrus synchronization, Nano particls, GnRH, Ewes

Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782

Cite this article: Vinayaki, M.S., Gomathy, V.S., Sesh, P.S.L., Prsanth, T.L., & Ramakrishnan, V. (2020). Entrapment Efficiency of Novel Chitosan Nanoconjugated GnRH for Estrus Synchronization in Kilakarsal Ewes, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 8(3), 451-453. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8154

INTRODUCTION

One of the largest factors having an impact today’s sheep industry that will ensure ita future success and long-term sustainability is reproductive performance. To produce lambs consistently throughout the year inan accelerated lambing sysem, the use of exogenous hormones Cn be utilized in order to induce a synchronized estru and stimulate cyclicity during the anestrus period. This can be achieved by either lengthening or reducing the duration of the estrus cycle by administration of exogenous progesterone (P4) or prostaglandin (PG) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) may also be incorporated into treatment protocols to assist in initiating hormonal events necessary to synchronize estrous cycles, such as estrus and ovulation, especially in anestrous ewes (Wildeus, 2000).
Longer lasting surges in Gonodotropin hormone (GtH) blood levels can be attained by using multiple injections of GnRH or analogues, which unavoidably involves repeated handling of animals resulting in increased cost, time, labor and avoidable stress to both  the animals and handler. Another approach which has been successfully employed to provide long lasting surges of GtH in blood was to use sustained release delivery system by implantation method. However, since GnRH having very short half-life undergo proteolysis within a few minutes (Casper, 2015), the newer nanotechnology has come into place for effective delivery of hormones. Therefore, the following research focuses on synchronizing estrus in ewes during both the breeding and non-breeding seasons by potentially reducing the days to detected estrus, while increasing overall ewe prolificacy through the utilization of novel Chitosan Nanoconjugated GnRH.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The Chitosan nanoconjugated GnRH solution was centrifuged at 2000 rpm and the supernatant collected was subjected to Bradford assay to determine the free GnRH concentration as mentioned above. The total GnRH (16.05 μg/mL) and free GnRH (2.80 μg/mL) contents as obtained by their respective protein values by Bradford assay. From the values obtained entrapment efficacy was calculated and found to be 82.55 %. Similarly Rather et al. (2013) prepared the chitosan conjugated LHRH nanoparticles based on the ionic gelation method and reported entrapment efficiency of 69 %. Rakhi Kumari et al. (2013) synthesized chitosan nanoencapsulated trypsins based  on the   ionic gelation method and found entrapment efficiency was ranged from 65 to 75 %.
The main goal in designing nanoparticles as a delivery system is to control particle size, surface properties and release of pharmacologically active agents in order to attain the site-specific action of the drug at therapeutically optimal rate and dose regimen (Vila et al., 2002; Mu and Feng, 2003).
The nanoparticles of zidovudine prepared using chitosan and TPP showed the entrapment efficiency of 52 to 63 % (Adlin & Anton, 2012).
Ferosekhan et al.(2014) synthesized RNA-loaded chitosan NPs based on the ionic gelation method and found that the entrapment efficiency was ranged from 57 to 73 %. Othayoth et al.(2013) reported that chitosan-pluronic polymeric nanoparticles prepared by ionic gelation method showed entrapment efficiency ranged from 47.15 to 58.34 %.
Among the references cited only the values of 69% and 65-75% were reported by Rather etal. (2013) and Rakhi Kumari et al. (2013), respectively, that came closer to the EE of 82.55 % observed in this study. The other authors had quoted much lower EE%.
Lowest particle size, high PDI of the Chitosan nanoconjugated GnRH prepared by ionic gelation with high pressure homogenization in this study together may have contributed to the better entrapment efficiency observed.
As such EE values represent the conjugation abilities of GnRH preparation with chitosan. Since the nanoparticles prepared in this study showed the highest EE value of 82.55%, it is inferred that the Chitosan nanoconjugated GnRH may be the most suitable and cost effective treatment for ES in ewes.

REFERENCES

Vila, A., Sanchez, A., Tob, M. P. Calvo, & Alonso, M.J. (2002). Design of biodegradable particles for protein delivery. J. Control. Release., 78, 15-24.
Mu, L., & Feng, S.S. (2003). A novel controlled release formulation for the anticancer drug. J Control Release. 86, 33-48.
Adlin, J., & Anton, A.  (2012).Preparation and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles containing zidovudine. Asian J. of Pharm. Sci., 7(1), 80-84.
Othayoth, R., Kumar, S., & Karthik, V. (2013). Development and Characterization of Chitosan-Pluronic Polyneric Nanoparticles for the Breast Cancer Treatment .International Journal on Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, 71, 2321-5
Ferosekhan,  S., Gupta, A.S., Aravind, R. Singh, Rather, M.A., Rakhi Kumari, C., Kothari, D., Kumar, A.,  & Balkrishna, S. (2014). RNA-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Enhanced Growth, Immunostimulation and Disease Resistance in Fish. Current Nanoscie., 10(3), 1-12.
Casper, R.F. (2015). Basic understanding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist triggering. Fertil. Steril., 12, 129.
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